Ten kilobytes is tiny. A photo can't keep much detail at this size, so the tool reduces the pixels until the file fits, then picks the highest JPEG quality that still lands under 10 KB. Line art such as a signature scanned on white paper compresses far better than a photo: crop tightly around the ink, and it will usually fit at a decent resolution.
At 10 KB you can expect about 200 to 350 px on the long side for a photo, or a clean 300×100 px signature. The exact number depends on how much fine detail the image has: skies and plain walls compress well, foliage and fabric don't.
Tip: If a form asks for a signature between 10 and 20 KB, use the Min (KB) field under More options so the file is padded up to the minimum as well.